Multiple telegraph



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H. o. NICHOLSON. Multiple Telegraph. No. 232,749. Patented Sept. 28,1880.

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UNiTnn STATES PATENT @rtree HENRY C. NIGHQLSN, 0F KENTON, KENTUCKY.

IVIULTHPLE TELEGRAPH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 232,749, dated September 28, 1880.

Application iiled March 19, 1880. (N o model.)

To all 'whom it may concern Be it known that I, HENRY G. NICHOLSON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Kenton, in the county of Kenton and State of Kentucky, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Multiple Telegraphs 5 and l do hereby declare the following` to bc a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference bein ghad to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or gures of reference marked thereon, which form apart of this speciication.

This in vcn tion relates to double-tra nsmission and quadruplex telegraphs, in which the positive, negative, and increased currents sent out by the two keys or transmitters at the sending-station are made effective at the receivingstation on two receiving-instruments or sounders through the intervention ot' two polar relays and a common or non-polar relay or its equivalent, the arrangement being such that the positive currents are responded to by one polar relay to operate onesay the iirstsounder, the negative currents, by the other polar relay, to operate the second sounder, and the increased currents, by one of the polar relays, operating its own sounder, and by the common relay or its equivalent operating` the other sounder in substitution for its polar relay, all substantially as described in my application for Letters Patent tiled October 14, 1.874, where a supplemental contact-lever is used in lieu of the common relay.

For purposes of illustration let theincreased current be of positive polarity. In that case the common relay would be included in the local circuit ot' the second sounder under the above arrangement. Now, whenever the linecurrent is reversed from negative to positive of increased strength, or vice versa, it is of importance to prevent a disturbance in the local circuit of the second sounder, in order to enable it to complete its signal without a break or interruption yet such reversal is attended by a perceptible momentary suspension of effective electric energy in the main line at a receiving-station distant any considerable length from4 the sending-statione-say one hundred miles or more-and such momentary suspension of ett'ective electric energy must necessarily affect the local circuit of the second sounder at such receiving-station. It is the object of this invention to neutralize disturbances of this character.

To this end it consists in placing the sounder controlled by the common 0r non-polar relay, as well as by one ofthe polar relays, in alocal circuit closed normally-that is to say, when the armature-levers of both relays rest against their back stops-the sounder responding on back strokewhcneverthislocalcircuitisopened by either one of said relays. The armature adjustments will be such that the break in the main-line current at times of reversal will be of shorter duration than the armature time of the relays, so that the armature-lever ot' the relay, becoming inactive, cannot close the local circuit before the reverse current accumulates sufficient strength in the other relay to move its armature-lever away from the back stop, and thereby make a second break in the local circuit before the other break is closed. n

In the annexed drawings, Figure l is a diagram ot' the instruments, battery, and connections at a terminal station ot' a quadrupleX telegraph. Fig. 2 illustrates a moditcation 1n the relays, the common or non-polar relay being supplemented by a supplemental contactlever. Fig. 3 illustrates a modification, showing the application of a normally-open supplemental local circuit. h

The quadruplex telegraph, of which a terminal section is here represented, is constructed upon the open main-circuit system described in my application for Letters Patent filed October 14, 18M-that is to say, normally there is no current on the line, although the continuity of conductors from the home ground to the distant ground is always preserved.

The transmitters A and B are continuitypreserving cues, and are preferably operated electrically through the media of electro-magnets and local batteries, the circuits of which are opened and closed by the operation ofthe ordinary finger-keys K and K2.

The transmitter B comprises a reverser composed, in this instance, of a contact-spring, B', a contact-point, b, and a hook, b', the contact-point b being lixed to, but insulated from, the lever of the transmitter.

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' tact-point b on the lever ot' transmitter B to' vss 2 I esame The two sections G and D of battery, ot' equal strength in this instance, are joined up as follows: The ground-plate G is connected by wire 1 to post 2, which is in turn connected to insulated hook 4 on the lever ot' the trailsmitter B by wire 3, and to hook b by wire 5. The negative pole of battery Gis connected to contact-point 7 of transmitter B by wire 6, While its positive pole is connected to post 9 by wire S. The positive pole of battery D is connected to contact-point 11 of transmitter A by wire 19, while its negative pole is connected to post 13 by wire 12. A wire, 15, connects insulated hook 14 on the lever of the transmitter A to post 13, and wire 16 connects this post 13 to contact-spring B'. Finally, the transmitters are electrically connected on the line 17, and a wire, 18, connect-s insulated conpost 9. The lever of transmitter A has a contact-spring, 19, and' the lever of transmitter B has a similar contact-spring, 29.

When both transmitters are open the electric route from ground Gr to post 9 is by way of the elements 1 2 3 4L 20 B 17 A 19 14 15 13 16 B b 1S, no battery in circuit.

When transmitter A alone is closed the route from ground G to post 9 is by Way of the elements 1 2 3 4L 20 B 17 A 19 11 1() D 12 13 16 B b 13, battery D being in circuit with its negative pole to post 9.

When transmitter A alone is closed the route from the ground Gr to post 9 is by way ofthe elements 1 2 5 b B 1G 13 15 14 19 A 17 B 20 7 6 C S, battery C being in circuit with its positive pole to post 9.

When both transmitters A and B are closed at the same time the route from the ground Gr to post 9 is by way ofthe elements l 2 5 b B161312D101119A17B207608, both batteries, or sections of battery, being in circuit with positive pole of battery C to post 9.

As post 9 is in connection with main line L, as will be presently explained, it will be seen that the operation of the transmitters will send to line currents differing in polarity and intensity. If each section of battery represent a unit of strength, then the varying electrical conditions of the line consequent upon the opening and closing of the transmitters may be stated as follows:

Both transmitters openzno current online.

Transmitter A closed =1 Transmitter B closed :1+

TransmittersAandBclosed=7+ The incoming line-currents are made effective through certain relays and receiving-instruments. The terminal post 22 of the line L and the post 9 are connected by a Wire, 21, which wire, according to the arrangement shown in Fig. l, includes three relaysnamely, the polar Vrelay B2, the polar relay B', and the common or non-polar relay R3.

In order that the line-currents sent out from a station may not operate the relays at such sending-station, any known or `preferred duplex system may be used to neutralize the et'- fect of outgoing line-currents on the home-relays. The system shown consists of what is termed an artificial77 line, O, which proceeds from post 9 to ground G', and includes helices of wire wound around the magnet of the relays B, R2, and B3 in a direction opposed to the winding ot the helices included in wire 21, the opposed helices being ot equal power. The artificial line further includes a rheostat or adjustable resistance, E, so lthat the strength of the current may be equally divided between the main line L and the artiticial line O, and the required neutralization in the relays effected. It further includes a condenser, F, to neutralize the return current due to the static induction of the-line.

Polar relay B will respond to all incoming positive currents, polar relay R2 to all incoming negative currents, and the common or non polarrelay to incoming positive currents of a strength developed only when both sections C and D of the battery at the distant station are in circuit, the retracting-spring oil the armature ot` the common relay being strong enough to overcome the magnetic force developed in its magnets by a current from only one section of battery.

Sounder S is operated by local battery l', the circuit of which is preferably normally open, and is closed by the armature of relay B' in response to incoming positive currents.

Sounder S2 is operated by local battery Z2, the circuit of which includes the armature of polar relay R2, as well as the armature of the common or non-polar relay R3. The sounder S2 therefore signals on back stroke when the circuit of battery Z2 is opened, which may be occasioned either by the armature of relay B2 in response to a negative current or by the armature of relay R3 in response to a high-tension positive current. Thus sounder S' will always respond to transmitter B at the distant station, and sounder S2 will always respond to transmitter A at the distant station irrespective of the necessarily infinitely mixed order of the operation of said transmitters. VVllenever, in the operation of these transmitters, a period of closure of transmitter Aoverlaps either one or both ends of a period or periods of closure of transmitter B, a reversal or reversals ot' the linecurrent will occur from negative to high-tension positive, or vice versa, as the case may be. Hence at such times the duty of causing the required continuous signal on sounder S2 is divided between the relays B2 and R3, and these relays Will cause such an uninterrupted signal to be given by sounder S2, notwithstanding that the sending-station may be so distant, as to make the momentary suspension of electric energy attending a reversal of current perceptible at the receiving-station, for the armature time ot' these relay's'exceeds in duration the neutral period ofthe reversal,

so that the forward stroke of one of Ithese-ar- IOO IIO

y matures will begin before the back stroke of the other is completed. Hence a second break will be made in this local circuit before the other break is closed.

Fig. 2shows the form of my invention when a supplemental contact-lever, H, is combined with polar relay R to take the place ofthe common or non-polar relay. This arrangementjs substantially the same as that described in my application for Letters Patent filed October 14,1874, with the important exception (important on long lines) that the circuit of thelocal battery ZZ, operating` sounder S2, is normally closed, as and for the purpose heretofore eX- plained. I consider this an inferior form of my invention, because on reversals from negative to high-tension positive the armature of polar relay R has to complete its ordinary forward stroke before it can move the supplemental contact-lever, so that there is a loss of time in the operation of the supplemental contact-lever on such reversals, although on reversals from high-tension positive to negative this supplementary contact-lever is as prompt and effective as the common or non-polar relay.

It will be seen that both forms of my invention are based upon the use of a normally-closed local circuit for one of the Sounders, which circuit, containsltwo circuit-breakers operating automatically and being independent of each other. By omitting; the artificial line O and its adjuncts the quadruplex station shown will become a station of a double-transmission telegraph embodying my invention.

For the purpose of duplexing, the bridge method may be used instead of the differential method shown.

The sounder S2 may be placed in the normally-open circuit of a supplemental local bat tery, and its place in the normally-closed circuit of local battery Z2 filled by a receivingmagnet or repeating-sounder, as shown in Fig. 3.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters'Patent, is-

l; The combination, substantially as before set forth, of areceiving-instrument or sounder, a local battery the circuit of which is nor mally closed, and two independent local circuit-breakers, one of which breaks said local circuit in response to line-currents of proper polarity, while the other breaks said local circuit in response to high-tension line-currents.

2. The combination, substantially as before set forth, of a receiving-instrument or sounder, a local battery the circuitof which is normally closed, a polar relay, and a common or non-polar relay operating only in response to hi gli-tension line-currents, both said relays being included in such local circuit.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two Witnesses.

HENRY o. NioHoLsoN.

Witnesses J. B. HUME, DAVID Harnais. 

